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Tournament
guide Cont'd
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General
The contestants take up
their positions, bow to the referee and bow to each other.
The match commences with
the referee's signal "Shobu Ippon Hajime" (one point; two
minutes) or "Shobu Sanbon Hajime" (three points; three
minutes).
When the referee signals
"Soremade", the contestants return to their prescribed
positions and await the decision. When the decision is awarded, the
contestants bow to each other and the match is over.
Matches are conducted
according to the instructions of the referee only.
Time
Matches are normally for
2 minutes each, but this time may be extended to three minutes, or five
minutes, upon consultation among the panel of judges. Injury time and
judge's conferences are not included.
If an extra match is
necessary, it is also 2 minutes in length. Should a further extra match
be required, the contestants shall be given a rest of suitable duration
before the third match commences. If, after a certain number of extra
matches, the score is not conclusive, the panel of judges may resolve to
decide the winner by lottery.
Scoring
Victory or defeat shall
be awarded on the basis of ippon (one point), victory by judge's
decision (flags), defeat due to a foul or disqualification.
Scoring areas are
limited to the following:
- the head (any
portion)
- the neck (front only)
- the chest
- the abdomen (on the
side, from the armpit to the waist)
- the back
Criteria for Deciding Ippon
Ippon shall be decided
according to the following requirements:
- An exact, effective
and powerful tsuki, uchi, ate or keri is delivered to one of the
scoring areas ippon (full point / decisive technique) may be
awarded. When a contestant scores two waza-ari (half point /
effective technique) during a match, these two waza-ari in
combination shall be considered as an ippon.
- The conditions
referred to in paragraph (a) above, shall mean good form, good
attitude, strength, vigour, zanshin, proper timing and correct
distance.
- An effective
technique delivered simultaneously with the "time" signal
shall be counted in the score.
- Techniques delivered
outside the prescribed match area shall not be counted. However,
they shall be counted where the contestant delivering the technique
was within the boundary of the match area when the technique was
delivered.
Techniques delivered under the
following conditions shall be considered as ippon, even if they are
somewhat insufficient in power:
- An attack delivered
at the very moment when the opponent started to move toward the
attacker.
- An attach delivered
at the very moment when the opponent was thrown off balance by the
attacker.
- A combination of
successive and effective attacks.
- A combined use of
tsuki (punching) and keri (kicking) techniques.
- A combined use of
tsuki and nage (throwing) techniques.
- When the opponent has
lost all fighting spirit and turns their back to the attacker.
- An attack delivered
to an undefended area of an opponent.
Techniques delivered under the
following conditions are not considered as ippon, even if they were
accompanied by sufficient power:
- When the attacker
failed to deliver a blow at the very moment they seized an opponent,
or
- When the attacker
failed to deliver a blow at the very moment they threw an opponent.
Criteria for Decision
In the absence of ippon
(or defeat due to foul or disqualification) during the prescribed time,
a decision shall be awarded on the basis of the following:
- Whether there has
been waza-ari (half point / effective technique).
- Whether there has
been a warning due to a foul.
- The number of escapes
outside of the match area.
- The comparative
excellence in the fighting attitude.
- Ability and skill.
- Degree of vigour and
fighting spirit.
- The number of
attacking moves.
- The comparative
excellence in the strategy used.
Fouls and
Disqualification
When a contestant has
committed a prohibited act (or is about to do so), the referee gives a
warning or announces a foul. After issuing a warning, the referee may
disqualify a contestant for similar acts (or other infractions of the
rules).
Injuries and Accidents
During the Match
In the case of an injury
to a contestant, the referee immediately stops the match and gives
prompt and effective treatment. If the contestant is deemed unable to
continue on the basis of advice from the supervising doctor (or in the
referee's own judgement), the referee terminates the match.
In practice, as soon as
one party is injured, the other returns to the starting position, turns
away and kneels down.
When a contestant
suffers a minor injury and elects not to continue, they lose the match.
(An injury is minor if it is not serious enough to disable the
contestant from continuing).
Where a contestant
suffers an injury and the cause of the injury is not the fault of the
opponent, the contestant loses the match if they are unable to continue.
Where both
contestants are injured and unable to continue, and neither is at fault,
the match shall be declared a draw. If both are equally at fault, the
contestant who does not continue shall be declared to be the loser of
the match.
| Upon
being called, the contestant(s) proceed to the starting line and
bow to the referee. The referee announces the assigned kata or
the competitor announces the individual kata. In the case of
assigned kata, the competitor will start when the referee calls
"Hajime". In the case of individual kata, the
competitor will start after the referee repeats the name of the
kata. |
| After the kata
has been completed, the referee calls "Yame" and the
competitor(s) return to yoi position and await the decision. The
competitor(s) then bow and walk backwards out of the match area.
[Note: in individual competition, it is a common mistake to
leave before the score is announced]. |
Evaluation
| deportment (taido) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
Approach, bow,
beginning posture, fighting spirit,
zanshin position and posture of the body (shisei) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
| Correct body
position / angle stance (tachi kata) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
Length, width and
weight distribution + foot position
basic techniques (kihon waza) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
Sequence,
direction, target, elbow / hand position
correct application of power (chikara no kyojaku) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
No excessive /
indiscriminate use of strength
speed of technique (waza no kamkyu) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
No excessive /
indiscriminate use of speed
body expansion & contraction (karada no shin-shuku) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
| Correct use of
muscles line of movement (embusen) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
Stays on
performance line, starts / ends same position
body movement (unsoku) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
Fluid /
rhythmical movement, no unnecessary foot movements
interpretation (waza no imi) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
Demonstrates
application / meaning of each technique
continuity (renzoku-sei) |
deductions: 0.1 -
1.0 |
| Movements are
cohesive and integrally related |
|
Range of Points
| Perfect |
10 |
|
| Excellent |
9 |
(scores of 9 and
above are rarely seen) |
| Very Good |
8 |
(common starting
point at black belt level) |
| Good |
7 |
(common starting
point below black belt level) |
| Average |
6 |
(sometimes used
as starting point at more junior levels) |
| Fair |
5 |
(scores below 5
are rarely seen) |
| Poor |
4 |
|
| Very poor |
3 |
|
[Note: the centre judge normally establishes a starting point (i.e.
"8.0" for black belts) and scores are adjusted from there. It
is crucial that judges continue to evaluate from their initial scores,
going up or down according to each performance. It is irrelevant whether
any particular judge is consistently higher or lower than the other
judges.]
Deductions of points:
| Contestant makes
a mistake, but continues smoothly |
0.1 to 0.2 |
| Contestant makes
a mistake, hesitates, then continues smoothly |
0.2 to 0.5 |
| Contestant slips,
falls, recovers and continues smoothly |
0.2 to 0.5 |
| Contestant omits
technique and continues smoothly |
0.5 to 1.0 |
| Contestant makes
a mistake and stops kata |
disqualified |
In kata, each performance is not decided as simply "good" or
"bad", but judged according to the elements in the Evaluation
section. Even the slightest error will require a deduction of points and
a competitor is never allowed the try again.
| Judgement
must be fair and impartial. All judges must give their undivided
attention to the contestants in order to observe each movement
of the contestants, to make as accurate a decision as is humanly
possible. |
Kumite
The referee has the
power to conduct matches; to award ippon (for accurate and effective
technique); to award waza-ari (for effective technique); to explain,
where necessary, the grounds for the decision; to award fouls; to issue
warnings; to take other disciplinary actions (including disqualifying a
contestant); to obtain advice from judges; to decide victory by casting
a vote in the case of a tie; and, to extend the duration of a match.
The judges take up
their positions at the prescribed locations outside the match area,
carrying a pair of red and white flags and a whistle, and assist the
referee. Judges give their opinion regarding the awards by the referee;
signal their judgement by means of flags or whistles (regarding ippon,
waza-ari or foul); and, exercise their right to a vote for decision of
matches.The referee takes
up his position, and, following an exchange of bows between the
contestants, starts the match with the command: "Shobu
Ippon Hajime".
When the referee
observes and recognizes a technique executed by a contestant as ippon,
they stop the match by announcing "Soremade" and the
contestants resume their starting positions. The referee also returns to
the starting position and raises a hand on the side of the winning
contestant, identifying the decisive technique [Note: usually "jodan
/ chudan" + "geri / tsuki" + "ippon"] and
ending the match.
When the referee observes and
recognizes a technique executed by a contestant as waza-ari, they stop
the match by announcing "Yame" and the contestants resume
their starting positions. The referee identifies the effective technique
[Note: usually "jodan / chudan" + "geri / tsuki" +
"waza-ari"] and resumes the match with the command "Tsuzukete
Hajime".
When the referee
observes the following situations, he announces "Yame" and the
contestants resume their starting positions:
- One or both
contestants go out of the match area (even by a little bit). The
judge calls "Jogai Nakae" (out of bounds, return to
starting positions). The corner judges may signal this with short
blasts of their whistles. [Note: it is no longer acceptable to tap
the line with a flag].
- The referee orders a
contestant to adjust their uniform.
- The referee notices a
contestant is about to commit a prohibited act (or receives a signal
of this from a judge) and issues a warning.
- The referee notices
that a contestant has committed a prohibited act (or receives a
signal of this from a judge), the referee shall stop the match and
call a judge's conference. In the case of a foul, the referee shall
declare the guilty party the loser due to foul.
When the referee deems that
one or both of the contestants cannot continue with the match owing to
injuries, illness or other causes, they shall immediately stop the match
and call a judge's conference to decide whether the match should
continue.
The judges carefully
observe the actions of the contestants and, in the following cases, they
signal the referee by means of a whistle (or flag) of:
- Ippon or waza-ari.
- A contestant is about
to commit a prohibited act.
- A contestant is
injured or ill.
- A contestant moves
out of the match area.
- It is necessary to
bring something to the attention of the referee.
Where there is a difference of
opinion between the referee and a judge, the judge can oppose the
judgement of the referee with the concurrence of the other judges.
Judges continuously
evaluate the relative excellence of the contestants and form their
opinions independently. When the referee calls "Hantei" each
judge give their opinion in the prescribed manner.
The referee may ignore a
signal from one corner judge indicating waza-ari and continue the match.
However, the referee must stop the match when two (or more) corner
judges signal waza-ari and must listen to their opinions and render a
decision.
Only the referee may
stop a match. No other official has this authority. Should an effective
attack be delivered after the order to stop, it shall not be counted.
When the contestants
leave the match area, the match shall continue until such time as the
referee orders a stop. [Note: query whether this allows a technique to
score].
When a match develops
into an in-fighting situation, the neither contestant delivering
effective techniques, the referee shall call "Yame" (to
prevent confusion and/or injuries). Similarly, the referee may
temporarily stop a match which has developed into a deadlock, without an
effective exchange of techniques.
The referee and judges
shall use the approved signals and terminology during a match.
Kata
In addition to the Chief
Judge, the Referee and the 4 Corner Judges, an additional two
"corner" judges may be used for the point system. [Note: this
is rare at a provincial or national level].
The referee shall place
himself in the front centre of the match area and conduct the match
according to the contest rules.
| After the kata
has been completed, the referee shall allow about 10 seconds for
the corner judges to make their decisions and shall then call
for a decision by raising the hand, announcing "Hantei"
(decision) or by a short, then long, whistle. |
| aiuchi |
no point /
simultaneous technique |
| aka
no kachi |
red side wins |
| (shiro no kachi) |
white side wins |
| aka hansoku,
shiro no kachi |
foul on red side,
white side wins |
| (shiro hansoku,
aka no kachi) |
foul on white
side, red side wins |
| aka kiken-niyori,
shiro no kachi |
red side
forfeits, white side wins |
| (shiro
kiken-niyori, aka no kachi) |
white side
forfeits, red side wins |
| atoshibaraku |
30 seconds left
in match |
| attate
iru |
contact |
| awasete ippon |
two waza-ari for
a a full point (ippon) |
| awase-waza |
combining the
scores of two techniques as one |
| chui |
warning |
| encho |
extending the
match time |
| fukushin shugo |
judge's
conference |
| fusensho |
forfeit |
| hansouku |
foul |
| hansouku chui |
warning for a
foul |
| hantei |
signal for
judge's to show decisions |
| hikiwake |
draw |
| ippon |
full point
(decisive technique) |
| jikan |
time out |
| jogai |
contestant out of
bounds |
| jogai chui |
warning for going
out of bounds |
| jogai nakae |
contestants
directed to return to match area |
| ma-ai-ga toi |
improper distance
(too far away) |
| mienai |
judge could not
see |
| moto no ichi |
contestants
directed back to starting positions |
| nukete iru |
technique
off-target |
| shobu ippon
hajime |
start of one
point match |
| (sanban ippon
hajime) |
start of three
point match |
| taimin go osoi |
off-time
technique |
| toranai |
no point |
| tsuzukete |
begin (used when
referee has not announced decision) |
| tsuzukete
hajime |
begin again (more
common) |
| ukete iru |
technique blocked |
| waza
ari |
half point
(effective technique) |
| yame |
stop (match has
not ended) |
| yame,
soremade |
stop (match over) |
Example of Referee's
Announcements:
1. Yame!
2. Identifying the
technique
aka (red) or shiro (white)
jodan (high level) or chudan (middle level)
tsuki (punching technique) or geri (kicking technique)
3. Awarding point
waza-ari (half point /
effective technique) or ippon (full point / decisive technique)
3A. No
point awarded
| nukete iru (off
target), maai ga toi (improper distance), yowai (weak), nukete
iru (off target), taiming ga osoi (off timing), ukete iru
(blocked), attate iru (contact) |
toranai (no point)
4.Ending / re-starting match
aka no kachi red side wins
(shiro no kachi) white side wins
tsuzukete hajime begin
again
Individual Kumite Competition
Open to all members of
the association. Separate divisions according to age, rank and gender.
It is preferred that kumite competitors also take part in kata.
Individual Kata
Competition
Open to all members of
the association. Separate divisions according to age, rank and gender.
It is preferred that kata competitors also take part in kumite.
Team Kumite Competition
Open to all members of
the association. Separate divisions according to age, rank and gender.
Usually separate brown and black belt divisions (no division below brown
belt level). Five members per team, any number of teams per dojo (teams
usually from the same dojo, but "combined" teams sometimes
allowed).
Team Kata Competition
Open to all members of the
association. Separate categories according to age, rank and gender. Team
members should be of similar age and rank. Same gender is preferred, but
not always required. Three members per team, any number of teams per
dojo (again, teams are usually from the same dojo, but
"combined" teams are sometimes possible).
Nationals
Individual Kumite
Competition
Open to all I.S.K.F.
members. Must be at least shodan. Separate divisions according to age
and gender.
Individual Kata
Competition
Open to all I.S.K.F.
members. Must be at least shodan. Separate divisions according to age
and gender.
Team Kumite Competition
Teams are selected by
each dojo.
Team Kata Competition
Teams are selected by
each dojo.
Competing at an
International Level (Pan-Am / Shoto Cup)
Similar to Nationals,
but the team is selected by chief instructor and other technical
coordinators. Open to black
belts only, separate divisions by age and gender.
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Article
from a Canadian site. |
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